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This page points to works on the shipping industry and
specific lines. It supplements discussion
of the law of the sea and maritime activity as a metaphor
for the internet.
It covers -
introduction
Points
of entry are provided in conference papers in Coastal
Shipping and the European Economy 1750-1980 (Mainz:
Verlag Phillip Von Zabern 2002) edited by John Armstrong
& Andreas Kunz and The Merchant Marine in International
Affairs, 1850-1950 (London: Frank Cass 2000) edited
by Greg Kennedy, Selling the Sea: an inside look at
the cruise industry (New York: Wiley 1997) by Bob
Dickinson & Andy Vladimir.
US
For US lines see William Flayhart's The American Line
(1871-1902) (New York: Norton 2000), William Worden's
Cargos; Matson's First Century in the Pacific
(Honolulu: Uni Press of Hawaii 1981), John Niven's The
American President Lines and Its Forebears, 1848-1984:
From Paddlewheelers to Containerships (Newark: Uni
of Delaware Press 1987), Tropical Enterprise: The
Standard Fruit & Steamship Company in Latin America
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Uni Press 1978) by Thomas
Karnes and Lawrence Clayton's Grace: WR Grace &
Co: The Formative Years, 1850-1930 (Ottawa: Jameson
1986). Among studies of minor enterprises are Al Miller's
Tin Stackers: The History of the Pittsburgh Steamship
Company (Detroit: Wayne State Uni Press 1999).
Biographies include The Invisible Billionaire,
Daniel Ludwig (Boston: Houghton Mifflin 1986) by
Jerry Shields and James Baughman's The Mallorys of
Mystic: Six Generations in American Maritime Enterprise
(Middletown: Wesleyan Uni Press 1972).
UK
For an introduction to the transatlantic liners see Stephen
Fox's Transatlantic: Samuel Cunard, Isambard Brunel,
and the great Atlantic steamships (New York: HarperCollins
2003).
For the Royal Mail line see Edwin Green & Michael
Moss' A Business of National Importance:The Royal
Mail Shipping Group, 1902-1937. (New York: Methuen
1982). For Liverpool see Francis Hyde's Shipping Enterprise
and Management 1830-1939: Harrisons of Liverpool
(Liverpool: Liverpool Uni Press 1967), Peter Davies' Henry
Tyrer: A Liverpool Shipping Agent and His Enterprise,
1879-1979 (London: Croom Helm 1979) and Blue
Funnel: A History of Alfred Holt & Company of Liverpool
from 1865 to 1914 (Liverpool: Liverpool Uni Press
1954), complemented by Malcolm Falkus' The Blue Funnel
Legend: A History of the Ocean Steam Ship Company, 1865-1973
(London: Macmillan 1990). Maritime Enterprise and
Empire: Sir William Mackinnon and His Business Network,
1823-93 (London: Boydell & Brewer 2003) by J.
Forbes Munro offers perspectives on trade with Africa
and India.
P&O is covered in Beneath the House Flag of the
P&O (London: Hutchinson 1981) by Peter Padfield,
The Story of P&O: The Peninsular and Oriental
Steam Navigation Company (London: Weidenfeld &
Nicolson 1987) by David Howarth, These Splendid Ships:
The Story of the Peninsular and Oriental Line (London:
Frederick Muller 1960) by David Divine, and The P&O
Company: Flagships of Imperialism (London: Queen
Mary College 1981) edited by Freda Harcourt.
The outstanding work on Cunard is FE Hyde's Cunard
and the North Atlantic 1840-1973: A History of Shipping
and Financial Management (London: Macmillan 1975).
The White Star Line, Ismay Line and IMM feature in Falling
Star - Misadventures of White Star Line Ships (New
York: Norton 1990) by John Eaton & Charles Haas.
For Lyle and Burrell of Glasgow see From Cape to Cape:
The History of Lyle Shipping Company (Edinburgh:
Harris 1978) by John Orbell, Edwin Green and Michael Moss
and A Tramp Shipping Dynasty: Burrell & Son of
Glasgow, 1850-1939 - A History of Ownership, Finance &
Profit (Westport: Greenwood Press 1997) by R.A. Cage.
George Blake's The Ben Line: The History of Wm. Thomson
& Co. of Leith and Edinburgh, and of the Ships Owned
and Managed by Them, 1825-1955 (New York: Nelson
1956) and Gellatly's 1862-1962; A Short History of
the Firm. (London: Blackie 1962) are complemented
by the more searching Fyffes and the Banana: Musa
Sapientum: A Centenary History, 1888-1988. (London:
Athlone Press 1990) by Peter Davies.
Salient biographies, often more incisive than the corporate
histories, include Stephanie Jones' Trade and Shipping:
Lord Inchcape, 1852-1932 (Manchester: Manchester
Uni Press, 1989) and Peter Davies' Sir Alfred Jones:
Shipping Entrepreneur par Excellence (London: Europa
1978).
Australia and New Zealand
Malcolm Gordon's From Chusan to Sea Princess: The
Australian Services of the P&O and Orient Lines
(London: Allen & Unwin 1985), The Australian presence
in the Pacific: Burns Philp, 1914-1946 (Sydney: Allen
& Unwin 1983) by Ken Buckley & Kris Klugman. Denis
Riley's The Iron Ships: A Maritime History of BHP,
1885-1992. (Melbourne: BHP Transport 1992). For Wilhelm
Wilhelmsen see Dag Bakka's Speed & Service: Wilhelmsens's
First Century in Australia (Sydney: Maritime Heritage
Press 1995).
Individual entrepreneurs have attracted some attention.
These include the colourful Benjamin Boyd, considered
by Marion Diamond in The Sea Horse and the Wanderer:
Ben Boyd in Australia (Carlton: Melbourne Uni Press
1988) and by Tom Mead in the less searching Empire
of Straw: The Dynamic Rise & Disastrous Fall of Dashing
Colonial Tycoon Benjamin Boyd (Sydney: Dolphin Books
1994).
For New Zealand see Allan Kirk's Anchor Ships and
Anchor Men: The History of the Anchor Shipping & Foundry
Company Ltd (Wellington: Reed 1967) and Fair
Winds & Rough Seas: The Story of the Holm Shipping
Company (Wellington: Reed 1975). For the Union Steam
Ship and Northern Steam Ship companies see Gavin McLean's
The Southern Octopus: the rise of a shipping empire
(Wellington: New Zealand Ship & Marine Society and
the Wellington Harbour Board Maritime Museum 1990), Gordon
Holman's In the Wake of Endeavour: The History of
the New Zealand Shipping Company and Federal Steam Navigation
Company (London: Knight 1973) and Cliff Furniss'
Servants of the North: Adventures on the Coastal Trade
with the Northern Steam Ship Company (Wellington:
Reed 1977). They are complemented by Sydney Waters' Richardsons
of Napier; A Century of Coastal Shipping, 1859-1959
(Napier: Richardson 1959).
Canada
For Canada, marked by the overlap of rail and maritime
interests, see The Princess Story: A Century and a
Half of West Coast Shipping (Vancouver: Mitchell
Press 1974) by Norman Hacking & W. Kaye Lamb, Canadian
Pacific: The Story of the Famous Shipping Line (Toronto:
Holt Rinehart Winston Canada 1981) by George Musk, Eric
Sager & Gerald Panting's Maritime Capital: The
Shipping Industry in Atlantic Canada, 1820-1914 (Montreal:
McGill-Queen's Uni Press 1990) and Susan Goldenberg's
Canadian Pacific: A Portrait of Power (New York:
Facts on File 1983).
Germany
There has been no major English language study of HAPAG.
Lamar Cecil's nuanced Albert Ballin: Business and
Politics in Imperial Germany 1888-1918 (Princeton:
Princeton Uni Press 1967) remains of particular value.
Japan
William Wray's Mitsubishi and the N.Y.K., 1870-1914:
Business Strategy in the Japanese Shipping Industry
(Cambridge: Harvard Uni Press 1984).
elsewhere
Robin Hutcheon's First Sea Lord: The Life and Work
of Sir Y.K. Pao (Hong Kong: Chinese Uni Press 1990)
is upbeat.
For Greece see A History of Greek Owned Shipping
(London: Routledge 1996) by Gelina Harlaftis
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